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Jumat, 28 Juni 2013

Narrative Text

22.44 | Diposting oleh Unknown | Edit Entri
A. Pengertian Narrative Text
Narrative Text adalah satu dari 13 jenis teks bahasa inggris (genre) yang lahir dari kalangan Narration (lihat Types Of Text) sepertihalnya Recount Text, Anecdote Text, Spoof Text dan News Items Text yang mana berfungsi untuk menceritakan kisah masa lampau dan untuk hiburan.

B. Tujuan Komunikatif Narrative Text
Tujuan Komunikatif Narrative Text seperti yang dijelaskan di atas adalah untuk menghibur pendengar atau pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita masa lampau yang bertalian dengan pengalaman nyata, khayal atau peristiwa-peristiwa pelik yang mengarah ke suatu krisis, yang pada akhirnya menemukan suatu penyelesaian.

C. Generic Structure Narrative Text
Setiap jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) memiliki struktur teks-nya sendiri-sendiri. Struktur dari Narrative Text terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu :

1. Orientation
 Pada bagian Orientation atau pengenalan berisi tentang pengenalan tokoh dalam cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya.

2. Complication
Pada bagian Complication berisi tentang gambaran munculnya krisis atau masalah yang di alami oleh tokoh pada cerita tersebut yang harus dipecahkan.
 
3. Resolution
Pada bagian Resolution berisi tentang bagaiman tokoh dari cerita tersebut memecahkan masalah yang ada pada bagian Complication. Biasanya terdapat lebih dari satu Resolution untuk satu Complication.

Pada beberapa referensi tentang Narrative Text, terdapat tambahan generic structure pada Narrative Text, yaitu penambahan Coda setelah Resoultion. Jadi susunan Narrative text adalah Orientiation, Complication, Resolution dan Coda.

Coda adalah bagian terakhir dari structure Narrative Text yang berisi perubahan yang terjadi pada tokoh dan pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari cerita tersebut.

D. Ciri Kebahasan Narrative Text
Pada Narrative Text, terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri antara lain sebagai berikut :
  • Mengunakan Action Verb dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya : Climbed, Turned, Brought, dsb.
  • Menggunakan Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya : the king, the queen, dsb.
  • Menggunakan Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya : long black hair, two red apples, dsb.
  • Menggunakan Time Connectives dan Conjunctions untuk mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian. Misalnya : then, before, after, soon, dsb.
  • Menggunakan Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain, happily ever after, dsb.

E. Contoh Narrative Text
Banyak sudah contoh mengenai Narrative Text yang telah dibuat , anda bisa melihatnya di Cerita Rakyat Bahasa Inggris Se-Dunia. Tapi untuk lebih afdolnya, penulis hadirkan contoh Narrative Text sebagai berikut beserta contohnya.

1. Snow White
Orientation
 
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.

(Suatu ketika, hiduplah seorang gadis bernama Snow White. Dia tinggal bersama paman dan bibinya, karena orangtuanya telah meninggal.)

Complication 1
 
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
 
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

(Suatu hari dia mendengar paman dan bibinya berbicara tentang rencana meninggalkan istana karena mereka berdua ingin pergi ke Ameria dan mereka tidak mempunyai cukup uang untuk membawa serta Snow White.)

(Snow White tidak ingin paman dan bibinya melakukan hal tersebut, sehingga dia memutuskan akan lebih baik jika dia pergi. Pagi harinya dia pergi dari rumah ketika paman dan bibi nya sedang sarapan. Dia lari ke dalam hutan.)
 
Resolution 1
 
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
 

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
 
Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and finally Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.

(Kemudian dia melihat gubuk kecil. Dia mengetuk pintu tetapi tidak ada yang menjawab sehingga dia masuk dan merasa ngantuk.)

 (Sementara itu, tujuh kurcaci telah pulang dari pekerjaannya. Mereka masuk. Di sana mereka menemukan Snow White tertidur. Kemudian Snow White terbangun. Dia melihat kurcaci tersebut. Kurcaci tersebut berkata "Siapa nama kamu?" Snow White menjawab, "Nama saya Snow White.")

 (Doc, salah satu dari kurcaci tersebut berkata, "Jika kamu mau, kamu bisa tinggal di sini bersama kami." Snow White berkata, "Oh, bolehkah? Terima kasih." Kemudian Snow White menceritakan semua kisahnya dan akhirnya Snow White dan 7 kurcaci hidup bahagian selamanya.)

2. Three Fishes

Orientation
Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed by the pond and saw the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each other excitedly. 'We have never fished here before. We must come back tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the fishermen left.
 
(Suatu ketika, terdapatlah tiga ikan yang hidup di sebuah kolam. Di suatu sore, beberapa nelayan melewati kolam tersebut dan melihat ikan-ikan itu. "Kolam ini penuh dengan ikan", merka berbicara satu sama lian dengan bergairah. "Kita belum pernah memancing di sini sebelumnya. Kita harus datang lagi besok pagi dengan jaring kita dan manangkap ikan-ikan ini!" Kemudian nelayan-nelayan tersebut pergi.)
 
Complication
When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called the other fishes together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said? We must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and kill us all!' The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You are right', he said. 'We must leave the pond.'

(Ketika ikan yang paling tua mendengar ini, dia gelisah. Dia memanggil ikan-ikan yang lain dan berkata, 'Apakah kamu dengar apa yang dikatakan nelayan itu? Kita harus meninggalkan kolam ini. Nelayan itu akan kembali besok dan membunuh kita semua!' Ikan kedua setuju. 'Kamu benar', dia berkata. 'Kita harus meninggalkan kolam ini.')

But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying without reason', he said. 'We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come here. Why should these men return? I am not going anywhere - my luck will keep me safe.'

(Tetapi ikan yang paling muda tertawa. 'Kamu cemas tanpa ada alasan', dia berkata. 'Kita telah tinggal di kolam ini semur hidup kita, dan tidak ada nelayan yang datang kesini. Kenapa harus orang-orang itu kembali? Saya tidak akan pergi kemana-mana - keberuntunganku akan menyelamatkan ku.')
 
Reslution
The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish refused to leave even then.
 
(Ikan tertua meninggalkan kolam tersebut pada sora hari dengan seluruh keluarganya. Ikan kedua melihat nelayan datang di kejauhan pada pagi hari dan meninggalkan kolam tersebut dengan seluruh keluarganya. Ikan ketiga tetap menolak untuk pergi.)
 
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third fish's luck did not help him - he too was caught and killed.
 
(Nelayan tersebut pun datang dan menangkap semua ikan yang tertinggal di kolam. Keberuntungan ikan ketiga tidak menyelamatkannya - dia juga tertangkap dan dibunuh.)
 
The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived as well as the fish who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied only on luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.
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Procedure Text

22.43 | Diposting oleh Unknown | Edit Entri
1. How to cook rice

You will need two cups of water, a cup of rice, salt and a pan with a lid. First, wash the rice in cold water. Then, put the rice in the pan and add the water and the salt. Next, you heat the pan without the lid on until the water boils. When it has boiled, turn down the heat, put the lid on and cook it for about fifteen minutes.

2. How to Make Tomato Soup

To make a bowl of tomato soup, you must prepare all ingredients below:
  • 4 large tomatoes
  • spices
  • 1 small onion
  • ½ teaspoon of salt
  • 8 cups of water
  • ¼ teaspoon of pepper
  • small clove garlic
  •  ¼ teaspoon of butter
Here are the steps to make a bowl of tomato soup:
  1. Cut tomatoes, onions, and garlic into small pieces.
  2. Fry them in a pan with butter for five minutes.
  3. Add water, spices, salt and pepper.
  4. Heat until the water boils.
  5. Turn down the heat and cover with lid. Cook gently for one hour.
3. Egg and Lemon Soup

To make egg and lemon soup, you need all ingredients below:
  • 3 pints chicken stock
  • juice of 2 lemon
  • 3 oz rice
  • salt and pepper
  • 4 eggs, well beaten
And here are the steps to make egg and lemon soup.
  1. Put stock into a pan and heat until boiling.
  2. Add rice and cook on low heat for fifteen minutes.
  3. Mix together egg and lemon juice.
  4. Add three tablespoons of stock to the mixture and stir.
  5. Stir this mixture into the remaining stock in pan.
  6. Add a little of salt and pepper.
  7. Cook gently for three minutes.
4. How to operate a fan
To operate a fan you must follow these instructions.
  1. Plug the power cord into a wall outlet. (AC 120 Volts 60 HZ)
  2. To make the fan move sideways, push the pin on top of the motor.
  3. To move the fan up or down, first pull up the oscilla ting pin, then press the tilt adjustment knob.
  4. To change the speed of the fan, press one of the switches at the bottom.

5. Bregedel Tempe (Tempe Fritters)
The ingredients to make bregedel tempe are:
  • 150 g tempe
  • 2 tablespoons fried shallots
  • 3 kaffir lime leaves
  • 1 tablespoon flour
  • 1 egg
  • 1 cup vegetable oil for frying
And to make the spice paste, you need:
  • 3 large chilies, seeds removed
  • 3 small chilies
  • 2 red shallots
  • 2 cloves garlic
  • 1/2 teaspoon chopped galangal
  • 1 candle nut
  • 1/2 teaspoon coriander seeds
  • 1/2 teaspoon salt
  • 1/4 teaspoon shrimp paste
Here are the instructions to make Bregedel Tempe.
  1. Mash the tempe with a fork or place in the bowl of a food processor and blend until it resembles coarse bread crumbs.
  2. Grind the spices in a mortar and pestle or place in the bowl of a food processor and blend to a smooth paste.
  3. Put the mashed tempe in a bowl and mix with the spice paste, fried shallots and lime leaves. Stir in the flour, followed by the egg.
  4. Shape the tempe into fritters the size of a golf ball and flatten a little with a fork.
  5. Heat the vegetable oil in a wok over a medium flame. When the oil is hot, drop the fritters into the oil, five or six at a time.
  6. Fry until golden brown on both sides, drain on absorbent paper and serve hot with rice.

6. How to Make a Milkshake

The ingredients that you need to make a milkshake are:
  • 4 cups vanilla ice cream
  • 2 cups milk
  • 4 teaspoons chocolate sauce (optional)
  • 1 cup fresh or frozen strawberries
Now, follow these steps to make a milkshake.
  1. Place milkshake glasses into the freezer. Using cold glasses will help the shake stay cool to give you time to enjoy. Leave for up to an hour if possible.
  2. Soften ice cream. It is easier to make a shake when the ice cream is slightly soft. Take the ice cream out of the freezer a few minutes before making your shake.
  3. Place the ingredients into a blender. Mix the ice cream, milk and added flavors into the blender. Blend on high for one minute. Don’t leave in the blender for longer or the shake will melt quickly.
  4. Pour shakes into frosty glasses. Take the glasses out of the freezer as soon as the blending is complete. Then pour the shake mixture in.
  5. Drop a straw into the shake, then enjoy. You can sip a shake right from the glass but somehow the straw adds to the flavor and the experience.
7. How to Make Ice Cream
You need these ingredients to make ice cream:
  • 2 cups milk (not skim) or cream
  • 2 tablespoons sugar
  • 1 teaspoon Vanilla extract (can substitute other flavoring.)
  • Several cups of Ice (the smaller the pieces, the better)
  • 1 cup salt (rock salt is best, but table salt can also be used)
You need these supplies to make ice cream
  •  Tub or large coffee can to hold salt and ice
  • Glass bowl or small coffee can
  • Electric mixer or whisk
  • Ice cream scoop
  • Storage container for freezer

Here are the instructions that you must follow to make ice cream
  1. Setting up the cooling apparatus. Stir ice and salt in the larger container. Double-check that the small container will fit into the larger one even with the ice.
  2. Combine the ingredients. Mix together the milk, sugar, and vanilla in the glass bowl. Then, set this bowl in the tub filled with ice and rock salt, making sure that the salt water does not spill into the bowl. Instead of a glass bowl and tub, you can also use a small coffee can inside a large coffee can.
  3. Mix the ice cream. Mix the ingredients in the small container vigorously. The salty ice mixture will cool the mixture down until it turns into ice cream. Mix very thoroughly. If you're using a whisk instead of an electric mixer in your glass bowl, you'll have to stir very hard, or ice crystals will form in the ice cream. If you are using the coffee can method, make sure both cans are well sealed, and then roll and shake to mix the ice cream mixture. It should take about 10 to 15 minutes to stir the ice cream using either method. Stir until it is free from ice crystals and is the right consistency.
  4. Storage and serving. If you don't eat the ice cream right away, be sure to store it in the freezer so that it doesn't melt.
8. How to Make Sweet Hot Tea


Before you make a glass of sweet hot tea, make sure you have already prepared about these one:
  • Tea
  • Hot water
  • Sugar
  • A glass
To begin make a glass of sweet hot tea, you may look up too the instruction below:
  1. Boil water until it is boiled.
  2. Pick a glass and put a bag of tea.
  3. Add some sugar.
  4. When the water is boiled, pour it into the glass.
  5. A glass of sweet hot tea is ready to serve.
9. How to Make a Cup of Black Coffee

You will need some ingredents below:
  • Black coffee powder
  • Sugar
  • Milk (if you like)
  • Hot water
Here are the steps to make a cup of black coffee:
  1. Heat water until boiled.
  2. Pick a cup.
  3. Put a spoon of black coffee powder.
  4. Don't forget to add some sugar.
  5. Pour the hot water into the cup.
  6. If you like milk, you can also add it into your coffee
  7. A cup of black coffee is ready to drink.

10. How to Make Iced Coffee

If you want to make iced coffee, you will need these things:
  • Dark coffee powder
  • Ice
  • Sugar
  • Milk
  • Water
  • Tall plastic cup
First, you have to heat the water. Then pour it into a glass which has already been add two spoons of dark coffe powder. Let the coffee cold. When you wait the coffee cold, prepare a tall plastic cup, ice, sugar, and milk. Pour the cold coffee into a tall plastic cup. Add some sugar and milk if you like. Don't forget also to add some ice cubes. The last, the iced coffee is ready to serve.

11. How to Make Simple Sandwich

 You will need these ingredients to make sandwich:
  • Two slices of bread
  • Chedder cheese
  • Tomato Sauce
  • Lettuce
And you will also need these things to make sandwich:
  • A knife
  • A plate
  • A toothpick
Firstly, place a slice of bread on a plate. Then add onins on the slice of bread. You can add lettuce after that. Now you add chedder cheese on the bread. And add some tomato sauce then. The last closed it wiht another slice of bread and fold it in a hlaf.

12. How to cook Instant Noodle

 When you want to cook instant noodle, you will need these things:
  • Instant noodle
  • Water
  • A bowl

Firstly, heat the water of 400 cc until boiled and add the noodle after that. Meanwhile the noodle is cooked, mixed the chili powder, the oil and the seasoning into a bowl. Pour the cooked noodle into the bowl. Deliciouse noodle is ready to eat.
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Descriptive Text

22.42 | Diposting oleh Unknown | Edit Entri
1. MacQuarie University
 
Identification
Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40th anniversary.

(Macquarie University adalah salah satu universitas terbesar di Australia. Tahun ini, pada tahun 2004, merayakan ulang tahun ke-40 nya.)

Description
The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved beyond recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and growing university.

(Universitas ini terletak di North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, di mana pemerintah New South Wales menyisihkan 135 hektar bagi lembaga univeristas tersebut. Pada tahun 1964, daerah Macquarie merupakan retret pedesaan di pinggiran kota, tapi hari ini kampus dan sekitarnya telah berkembang di luar harapan. Distrik North Ryde telah tumbuh menjadi sebuah distrik kependudukan yang intensif yang tumbuh dari perkembangan dan dinamisme universitas.)

Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that retains and enrich the university’s most attractive natural features. A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the university are most likely to pleasurably recollect.

(Diberkahi dengan lokasi yang menguntungkan dan adanya ruang terbuka untuk bernapas, Macquarie bisa bangga dengan perencanaan yang matang tersebut yang dipertahankan dan memperkaya ciri khas alami yang paling menarik dari universitas tersebut. Keseimbangan yang menyenangkan antara bangunan dan hiasan jelas di kampus. Penekanan pada pentingnya lanskap telah menciptakan gambar Macquarie sebagai tempat bahwa anggota universitas akan sangat mungkin mendapatkan kesenangan)

One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It comprises landscaped creek sides and valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial lake surrounded by rocks and pebbles, native plants and eucalypts.
(Salah satu yang menarik dari lanskap adalah Mars Creek zona. Ini terdiri dari sisi taman sungai dan dasar lembah, sebuah amphitheater rumput, dan danau buatan yang dikelilingi oleh batu dan kerikil, tanaman asli dan pohon eukaliptus.)
Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will be the only university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.
(Hari ini, sebuah stasiun kereta api sedang dibangun. Dalam waktu tiga tahun, Macquarie akan menjadi satu-satunya universitas di Australia dengan stasiun kereta api di sekitar lokasinya. Macquarie siap untuk menjadi univeristas yang paling mudah diakses di wilayah Sydney oleh kereta api dan jalan tol, namun tetap mempertahankan lokasi yang indah.)

2. My Mother
Identification
Every people certainly have a mother. Because people was born from her.  The existence of her among us is definitely important. That is why I love her so much. I owe great debt to what she has been doing to me until right now. I love you, mom.
(Setiap manusia pastinya memiliki seorang ibu. Karena manusia lahir darinya. Kehadirannya diantara kita sungguh sangat penting. Itu lah mengapa saya sangat mencitainya. Saya berhutang banyak pada apa yang dia lakukan sampai sekarang ini. Saya cinta ibu.)
Description
My mother's name is Khodijah. She was born 49 years ago. She is short, but not too short. She is little fat. And she is old. She has got short white straight hair. She has got brown skin. She is beautiful. Her hand is so soft, the hand that have taught me to be kind person.
(Ibu saya bernama Khodijah. Beliau lahir 49 tahun yang lalu. Beliau pendek, tetapi tidak begitu pendek. Beliau sedikit gemuk. Dan beliau sudah tua. Beliau memiliki rambut putih pendek yang lurus. Beliau memiliki kulit coklat. Beliau cantik. Tanganya begitu lembut, tangat yang telah mengajarkan saya untuk menjadi orang yang baik.)
She never stops to support me. She always tells me to not give up so easily. She always gives me some fine solutions when I have some problems. The importance of her is never denied. That is why I never reject her willing.

 (Beliau tidak pernah berhenti mendukung saya. Beliau selau memberitahu saya untuk tidak menyerah dengan gampang. Beliau selalu memberi saya beberapa solusi bijak ketika saya menghadapi beberapa masalah. Pentingya beliau tidak pernah terelaknya. Itu lah mengapa saya tidak pernah menolak keinginannya.)
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